TERM 2 - FIQH ii - CLASS 6
SUPPLICATIONS AFTER PRAYER
& VOLUNTARY PRAYERS
PRIVATE SUPPLICATIONS RECITED UPON COMPLETING PRAYERS
In accordance with the teachings of the Prophet ﷺ, there are quite a number of private supplications and words of extolling Allah (subhanahu wa ta'ala) i.e. "Dhikr" which are highly desirable and recommended for recitation at the end of each prayer. These supplications and extollations (dhikr) are non-obligatory and constitute separate forms of "IBADAH" (Worship), hence, reciting them or failure to do so, does not affect the prayer.
However, a person who recites these supplications and extollations would certainly achieve much additional rewards besides the reward Allah grants for the Salaat, InShaaAllah.
We shall now discuss some of these supplications and extollations:
1. Immediately upon completing the prayer it is recommended for the worshipper to invoke Allah (subhanahu wa ta'ala) and to ask for His forgiveness by saying: "ASTAGHFIRULLAAH" three times, which means: I seek Allah's forgiveness.
2. Immediately thereafter, the worshipper may recite the following supplication:
"ALLAHUMMA ANTA SALAAM, WA MINKA SALAAM, TABARAKTA YAA DHAL JALALI WAL IKRAAAM " which means: "O Allah, You are the source of peace and from You comes peace, exalted You are, O Lord of Majesty and Honor."
3. It is also recommended for the worshipper to recite thereafter the following supplication: "LA ILAHA ILAL-LAHU WAHDAHU, LAA SHARIKA LAHU, LAHUL-MULKU, WALAHUL-HAMDU, WAHUWA ALAA KULI SHEY-IN QADIIR" which means: "There is no god but Allah, He is one, He has no partner, to Him belongs sovereignty and to Him belongs praise and has power over all things".
4. The person may thereafter say: "ALLAHUMMA LAA MANI'A LIMAA A'7'EYTA WALA MU'Y'IYA LIMA MA NAA TA WA LA YA NFA U DHA L JA DDI MINKALIAD" which means: "O Allah, none can withhold what You have granted, and none can grant what You have withheld, and nothing can be offered by the rich,- richness and fortune comes from You alone".
5. And says thereafter: "LAA HOWLA WALAA QUWATA ILLA BILLAAH" which means: "There is no might or power, except from Allah".
6. Also, the person may thereafter say: "LAA ILLAHA ILAL LAAHU WALA NA'ABUDU ILLA IYAHU, LAHU NIMA TU WALAHUL FADHLU, WALAHUL THANAA AL-HASSAN" which means: "There is no god but Allah (subhanahu wa ta'ala) and we worship none but Him, to Him belongs prosperity, and to Him belongs favors and to Him belongs all good praises".
7. The person may also say: "LAA ILAHA ILLAL LAAHU MUKHLISINA LAHU DIINA WALAO KARIHAAL KAFIRUUN" which means: "There is no god but Allah, (and we) offer Him sincere devotion even though the unbelievers may detest it".
8. Also, say: "ALLAHUMMA A'INNI 'ALA DHIKRIKA, WA SHUKRIKA, WA HUSNA IBA DATIK" which means: "O Allah, help me in remembering You, thanking You and conducting my worship to You in a perfect way".
9. The person also says:
a) SUBHANA -ALLAH - Glory be to ALLAH - (33 times).
b) AL HAMDU-LILLAH- Praise be to Allah - (33 times)
c) ALLAHU AKBAR - Allah is great (33 times).
Then, at the end of the above three recitations, the worshipper recites the following supplication: "LAA ILLAHA ILAL LAAHU WAHDAHU LAA SHARIKA LAHU, LAHUL MUL-KU, WALA-HUL HAMDU, WAHUWA ALAA KULI SHEY'INN GADIIR" which means, "There is no god but Allah alone, He has no partners, to Him belongs dominion and to Him belongs praises, and He has power over all things".
By this supplication, the worshipper makes up a total of 100 readings. In this regard, it was reported in an authentic prophetic saying that whoever comes up with this 100 phrases at the end of every obligatory prayer: “Allah will forgive him, even if his sins were as abundant as the foam of the sea” (Reported by Imam Muslim).
10. It is also recommended for the person to recite thereafter "AYAT AL KURSI" i.e: the verse of the Throne (Holy Qur'an 2:255) which has the following English meaning:
“Allah! there is no god but He, the Living the Self-Subsisting, the Eternal. No slumber can seize Him nor sleep. To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and on earth. Who is there can intercede in His presence except as He permitteth? He knoweth what (appeareth to His creatures as) before or after or behind them. Nor shall they compass aught of His knowledge except as He willeth. His Throne do extend over the heavens and the earth, and He feeleth no fatigue in guarding and preserving them or He is the Most High, the Supreme (in glory)”.
The importance of this verse was confirmed by the Prophet ﷺ in an authentic saying that: “Whoever recites this verse at the end of every prayer, nothing will prevent him from entering Paradise” (Reported by Imam Bukhari).
11. It is also strongly recommended that the person recites the following three chapters of the Holy Qur'an after each prayer:
a) Surah Al-lkhlaas (Purity of Faith) Qur'an, Chapter 112.
b) Surah Al-Falaq (The Dawn) - Qur'an, Chapter 113.
c) Surah An-Naas (Mankind) - Qur'an, Chapter 114.
Note: It is preferred that each of these three chapters be recited three times at the end of Fajr (Dawn) and Maghrib (Sunset) prayers; while, each chapter may be recited only once at the end of the other obligatory prayers namely, Dhuhr (Noon), Asr (Afternoon) and Isha (Evening) prayers.
VOLUNTARY PRAYERS
Besides the prescribed obligatory prayers, a person may come up with as many voluntary prayers as is possible. Through voluntary prayers a person receives additional rewards and through them he draws closer to Allah (subhanahu wa ta'ala) although a person will not be punished for neglecting to perform voluntary prayers.
However, the Prophet ﷺ had set a tradition of practicing certain voluntary prayers before and/or after the obligatory prayers and every Muslim is strongly recommended to perform them. These are as follows:
a) DHUHR (NOON) PRAYER: Four rakaats before (with each two rakaats performed separately) and two rakaats after.
b) MAGHRIB (SUNSET) PRAYER: Two rakaats after.
c) ISHA (EVENING) PRAYER: Two rakaats after.
d) FAJR (DAWN) PRAYER: Two rakaats before.
These Voluntary prayers are known in Arabic Language as (Rawatib) which may be construed to mean definite practices and the Prophet ﷺ used to preserve their performance continuously whenever in residence. However, during his travels he used to omit their practice except the two rakaats before the Fajr prayer.
Performance of these two rakaats is so important that the Prophet ﷺ said: “These two Rakaats are more important to me than the whole world” (Reported by imam Muslim).
While there is no objection to perform these optional prayers at the mosque, it is preferred to perform them at home in view of the following saying of the Prophet ﷺ: “The best of the prayers are those which are fulfilled at one's home, with the exception of the obligatory prayers (which are to be performed with the congregation at the Mosque)” (Reported by Imam Abu Dawoud).
Fulfilling these twelve (12) voluntary prayers is a means to gain admission to paradise as can be noted from the following saying of the Prophet ﷺ:
“Whoever prays optionally twelve rakaats every one day and night,
Allah will reward him by an established dwelling in the paradise”
(Reported by Imam Bukhari).
Besides the above twelve definite voluntary prayers, the person may also pray four optional rakaats before Asr (Afternoon) prayer, and two before Isha (Evening) prayer, because these were also reported to have been practiced by the Prophet ﷺ.
Times When Performance of Voluntary Prayers is Prohibited
There are certain times when voluntary prayers are not allowed to be performed and these are as follows:
1. In between the Fajr Prayer and the rising of the sun.
2. In between when the sun is close to its zenith and the Dhuhr Prayer.
3. In between the Asr Prayer and until sunset.
However, a person can perform the two rakaats prayed as salutation to mosques (Tahayyatul Masjid) whenever a person enters a mosque even though the time of entering the mosque may coincide with one of the above stated timings. This is accordance with the following Prophetic ﷺ saying: “Anyone of you entering a mosque, should not sit until after performing two rakaats” (Reported by Imam Al-Bhukari).
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