TERM 2 - FIQH ii - CLASS 4
SALATUL JAMAA’ II
Congregational Prayer
Congregational Prayer
By unanimous agreement, it is more preferable for women to pray at home, But a requirement for men to pray at the masjid. (There is hikmah: women take care of the household and family, and it would be difficult for her to attend the prayer in congregation with the children. The Prophet ﷺ gave them the reward for going to the masjid while praying at home.)
Ibn Abi Makhtoum, the blind sahabi, asked the Prophet ﷺ if he could pray at home, and the Prophet ﷺ said that he can pray at home, but then he immediately called him back and asked, “Can you hear the adhan? ”Ibn Abi Makhtoum replied yes, and the Prophet ﷺ told him that he must go to the masjid.
To establish a congregation, only two people are needed: imam and ma’moom. Sometimes the Prophet ﷺ would pray at night, and Ibn Abbas would come and pray with him in congregation. Once he stood on his left, and the Prophet ﷺ moved him to the right of him.
People lining up in congregational salat
Shoulder to shoulder and foot to foot. Men line up first and then the women in the back. It is better to keep the children scatter in the line and with the parents.
Congregational salat for Women
It is permissible for women to attend the congregational salat. For their own sake and the reward, it is better for them to pray at home. What if a woman desires to go to the masjid? Legally, the husband cannot say no to her. She can go for fajr and isha to the masjid. The Prophet ﷺ said, “You are not allowed to forbid the female servants of Allah from attending the houses of Allah.”
Congregational salat for a latecomer
If the person catches the last ruku’, then the person has caught the congregational salah. If the imam is in the final sujood or tashahhud, you should still join the congregation, and after the imam says salaam, continue with your salah.
More than one congregational salat in one masjid
At the same time: No! If you come late during the taraweeh time, do not start the congregational salah. There should not be two jama’ah at the same time. They can join the imam who is praying taraweeh and pray isha.
Imam and Ma’moom
The congregation can be made up of two people. A husband and wife can be jama’ah, and the wife should stand behind her husband in a second line.
Rules of the Imam
The imam should be,
A Muslim.
Of sound mind. The person must have his full faculties while making the salah. Losing senses by choice: taking drugs or alcohol. Losing senses by force:unconscious.
Male. (Women cannot lead the salah. If there is one man amongst women, a woman cannot lead the jama’ah. If the man cannot lead, then the man should pray by himself, and the women should have their own congregation.)
Who reached the age of puberty. (Everyone agrees on being an adult. What about the age of 11 or 12? Amr ibn Salaama narrated, “I lead congregational Salat during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah when I was a child of seven years old.” [Bukhari])
Imam who already did his salat earlier
Yes. The hadeeth of Mu’adh ibn Jabal who would pray with the Prophet ﷺ and then lead the salah in his community.
Salat in the house of a host
If you are visiting someone, then the host should lead the salah even if he was the least qualified unless he gives you permission to lead the salah. Do not embarrass the host and ask someone other than the host to lead the salah.
Imam takes care of the alignment of the lines before he starts his salat.
The Prophet ﷺ would go through the lines himself or he would assign people in each line to check the lines.The imam should look around and check the lines.
Rules of the Ma’moom
Lining up behind the imam
If it is one individual: the man lines up next to the imam on the right side of the imam. Women pray behind the men. If the children can keep position in salah, then put them in one line, but if they are going to be distracting, then keep them with the adults. If the child keeps moving positions, then keep the adults in one line with the child in front of the parent.
The ma’moom reciting Surah in his/her salat
He should recite Fatiha and another surah in the silent salat, and the Fatiha only in the salat done aloud.
Making Up for Missed Salat.
The Ma’moom as the latecomer (Masbooq) & Etiquette of the latecomer for salat (al-Masbooq)
Abu Hurayrah narrated, the Messenger ﷺ said: “When you hear the Iqamah, walk your way to the Salat place with tranquility and dignity, and do not hurry up. And whatever portion of the Salat you get (with the Imam) offer it, and complete afterwards whatever you missed.” [Bukhari]
He should walk with tranquility to the line, not run.
Place and steady himself in line
He should not stand alone behind the lines
Start with the opening takbir (takbeeratul ihram)
Do his moving takbir (if needed)
Follow the imam in whichever stage he may be
When the imam gives his tasleem, the masbooq should stand up to make up for the missed rak’ahs
Join the position of the imam in whatever position he is in. Join immediately in the position he is in.
Joining in the Congregation
You must have two takbeer: one for takbeeratul ihram, and the second for the position that you are moving to.
Count the rak’ah if you are able to go into the ruku’ position and say ‘subhana rabbi al-adheem’ one time before the imam says ‘sami Allahu liman hamidah’.
If you came for salat al isha and found the imam in the third rak’ah, and the imam is reciting silently, when the imam finishes the salah, you need to make up for two missed rak’ah. According to the majority, you are completing your salah. The two rak’ah you prayed with the imam were your first and second rak’ah, even though they were his third and fourth, so when you stand up, you pray your third and fourth rak’ah, and you only need to recite Surah Al Fatihah silently.
Salat al maghrib:if someone joins the imam in the third rak’ah, According to the majority, you will be completing your salah, so you will stand up and pray one rak’ah with Fatihah and a surah and sit for the middle tashahhud and then stand up for the third rak’ah.
Etiquettes of Going to the Masjid
1. The du’a for going to the masjid
“O Allah, place within my heart light, and upon my tongue light, and within my ears light, and within my eyes light,and place behind me light and in front of me light and above me light and beneath me light. O Allah, bestow upon me light.” [Bukhari and Muslim]
You want the physical light in this world and on the Day of Judgment.
2. The du’a for entering the masjid
“I take refuge with Allah, The Supreme and with His Noble Face, and His eternal authority from the accursed devil. In the name of Allah, and Prayers and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah. O Allah, open the gates of Your mercy for me.”
3. Enter the masjid with the right foot. The Prophet ﷺ liked to use the right side first.Aisha (radhi Allahu ‘anha) said that when wearing shoes, he would start with the right foot, and when taking the shoes off, he would start with his left foot first. Small details such as this keep you aware of your ibaadah at all times and aware that Allah is watching over you.
4. The sunnah is to pray two rak’ah before sitting down.
Abu Qatada (Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If one of you enters the mosque, do not sit until you pray two rakats." [Agreed upon: reported by Bukhari and Muslim]
5. Dressing up for the masjid
For ladies, this does not mean to dress up as if you are going to a party. Dress up with humbleness. If the husband sees his wife dressing improperly and she is wearing perfume or make up, then the husband has the right to tell his wife that she will not go to the masjid. You are going to the masjid for salah and not for a party.
6. Do not raise the voice in the masjid.
7. If you come for jumu’ah late, do not push your way to the first line.The Prophet ﷺ forbade us from going over the necks and shoulders of people. The exception: If people are not sitting properly. Today, many people sit in the back so that they can leave right away, and there are many gaps left in the front.
8. Keep the masjid clean.
9. Respect the rules of the masajid. If the masjid has by-laws, then follow them. It is a great honor to clean the masjid. The Prophet ﷺ informed us that a woman entered Jannah because she would sweep the masjid. When the Prophet ﷺ did not see the woman who cleaned the masjid, he was told that she passed away the day before, and he asked where she was buried. They took him to her grave, and he performed salat al janazah on her even though she was already in her grave.
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